As we approach 2025, the Center for Democracy, Constitutional, and Human Rights Studies, Faculty of Law, UGM (PANDEKHA FH UGM) held a discussion entitled \"Bulaksumur Legal Outlook 2025: The Crisis of Democracy, Human Rights, and Corruption Eradication\" on Friday, January 3, 2025. This discussion was organized collectively by three other research centers: the Center for Anti-Corruption Studies (PUKAT), the Center for Law and Social Justice Studies (LSJ), and the Center for Law, Gender, and Society Studies (LGS), as well as three departments within the Faculty of Law: the Department of Constitutional Law, the Department of State Administrative Law, and the Department of Agrarian Law. This online discussion is an annual forum to reflect on legal developments in 2024 and projections for 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The discussion began with a presentation by Zainal Arifin Mochtar, Head of the Department of Constitutional Law, who reflected on the general elections (pemilu) and regional head elections (pilkada) between 2024 and 2025. He stated that, as political years, these two issues represent the most crucial momentum for the power struggle. However, the journey has not been smooth. This is evident in the various instances of fraud and systematic violations during the general and regional elections. Nevertheless, Zainal Arifin Mochtar suggested that future electoral reforms should not only focus on improving the electoral system, such as eliminating the Presidential Threshold, but also include reforming and optimizing the functions of political parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Then, Richo Andi Wibowo, Head of the Department of State Administrative Law, reflected on 2024 and his projections for 2025 in his presentation entitled \"Legal Outlook 2025: National Strategic Projects (PSN), State Financial Law, and State Administrative Courts.\" Richo expressed doubts about National Strategic Projects (PSN) established for the public interest, as they are often used as a pretext for business interests. He also highlighted the potential for tax increases in 2025 due to government policies that tend to exploit public funds and the need for a bloated cabinet. Specifically regarding the State Administrative Courts, Richo criticized them for failing to mediate between the public and the government. Going forward, Richo hopes that the State Administrative Courts will play a more central role as adjudicators, particularly in development issues, and as a counterweight to the executive branch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Herlambang Perdana Wiratraman, Head of LSJ, continued his reflections and projections within the framework of human rights. In his presentation, entitled \"The Strengthening of Repressive Legal Politics and Impunity (Why Will Human Rights Violations, Repression, and Social Injustice Continue to Occur During the Prabowo-Gibran Administration?), Herlambang criticized the government's inability to seriously address human rights issues and the factors behind them. He argued that human rights, during the transition of power under Prabowo Subianto, remain a vortex of power-based commodities. According to Herlambang, the implication is that law enforcement will continue to favor the political interests of the regime or those with capital. Consequently, cases of gross human rights violations will never be truly resolved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Following this, Sri Wiyanti Eddyono, Chair of the Center for Law, Gender, and Society (LGS) Studies, focused her presentation on the context of law enforcement in the realm of sexual violence. Sri praised the enactment of the 2022 Law on the Protection of Women from Sexual Violence (TPKS), although the issue of sexual violence is not a new issue in Indonesia. She argued that the issue of sexual violence has existed since the Kartini era, as evidenced by forced marriages and sexual slavery during the Japanese occupation. Sri then criticized the frequent neglect of sexual violence in resolving human rights violations. For example, non-judicial human rights resolution mechanisms do not address sexual violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Next, Rikardo Simarmata from the Department of Agrarian Law highlighted agrarian issues in his presentation, \"Reflections and Projections on Agrarian Issues.\" Rikardo discussed agrarian issues, which encompass not only land issues but also other natural resources such as forests, mining, and coastal areas. He argued that the people, as landowners and cultivators, are vulnerable to human rights violations resulting from agrarian conflicts. Rikardo explained that there are two structural causes of agrarian problems: the view that uncertified land is state land and the shift from public to private functions of government-controlled land. Given these conditions, Rikardo projected that agrarian conflicts would continue to escalate in 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Totok Dwi Diantoro, Chair of the Center for Anti-Corruption Studies (PUKAT), continued the discussion from a corruption eradication perspective. Totok observed the development of commitment to eradicating corruption during President Joko Widodo's decade-long presidency. Structural and systematic weakening of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) occurred following the 2019 revision of the KPK Law, which shifted the KPK's position from an independent institution to an executive body under the President's auspices. Totok also bluntly expressed his disappointment with the tendency for corruption eradication to be blunted within the coalition's inner circle, resulting in highly politically charged efforts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The presentation concluded with a presentation by Yance Arizona, Chair of PANDEKHA, entitled \"The Constitutional Court Rises from Decline (Notes for 2024 and Projections for 2025).\" Yance summarized the Constitutional Court's role in influencing political contestation in Indonesia, beginning with a discussion of global democratic regression and its impact on the Constitutional Court. According to him, the Constitutional Court has been plagued by controversies in recent years, such as Court Decision Number 90\/PUU-XXI\/2023 and the replacement of the Chief Justice due to serious ethical violations. Yance sees future challenges for the Constitutional Court as the threat of revisions to the Constitutional Court Law, which could undermine judicial independence, and attempts to centralize power by the executive branch, crippling oversight institutions like the Constitutional Court. Efforts to stunt the Constitutional Court were evident in the House of Representatives (DPR RI), which attempted to annul the Constitutional Court's ruling on regional election candidacy requirements, but this was canceled due to the public response through the Emergency Warning protest. Therefore, Yance believes public support is key to overseeing the Constitutional Court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Overall, this discussion aims to encourage legal improvements and reforms by 2025, building on the reflections from 2024. This aligns with efforts to support the achievement of point 16 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely peace, justice, and strong institutions. Furthermore, it also promotes the protection of women's rights in the legal reform process in the following years. This spirit of reform is in line with efforts to achieve point 5 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely gender equality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reporter: Muhammad Kevin Setio Haryanto (PANDEKHA)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Memasuki tahun 2025, Pusat Kajian Demokrasi, Konstitusi, dan Hak Asasi Manusia Fakultas Hukum UGM (PANDEKHA FH UGM) menyelenggarakan diskusi bertajuk \u201cBulaksumur Legal Outlook 2025: Krisis Demokrasi, HAM, dan Pemberantasan Korupsi\u201d pada Jumat (3\/1\/2025). Diskusi ini diselenggarakan secara kolektif oleh 3 pusat kajian lainnya, yaitu Pusat Kajian Anti Korupsi (PUKAT), Pusat Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan Sosial […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":32749,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,218],"tags":[240,241,291,312,228,227,231,220],"class_list":["post-32748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-berita","category-berita-sdgs","tag-fakultas-hukum-ugm","tag-law-ugm","tag-pandekha-fh-ugm","tag-pusat-kajian-demokrasi-konstitusi-dan-hak-asasi-manusia","tag-sdg-16-perdamaian-keadilan-dan-kelembagaan-yang-tangguh","tag-sdg-4-pendidikan-berkualitas","tag-sdg-5-kesetaraan-gender","tag-sdgs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.ugm.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32748","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.ugm.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.ugm.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.ugm.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/95"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.ugm.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32748"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/law.ugm.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32748\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32750,"href":"https:\/\/law.ugm.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32748\/revisions\/32750"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.ugm.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.ugm.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.ugm.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.ugm.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}